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The second way to alter a column definition is to use a CHANGE clause. The CHANGE clause enables  the modification of both the column's definition and its name. To use this clause, specify the CHANGE  keyword, followed by the column's existing name, its new name, and its new definition, in that order. Note  that this means the existing name must be specified twice to change only the column definition (and not the  name). For example, change the last_name column from CHAR(30) to CHAR(40) without renaming  the column as follows: ALTER TABLE head_of_state CHANGE last_name last_name CHAR(40) NOT  NULL; To change the name as well (for example, to Surname), provide the new name following the existing  name: ALTER TABLE head_of_state CHANGE last_name Surname CHAR(40) NOT NULL; To change a column at a specific position within a table row, use FIRST or AFTER col_name. The  default is to change the last column.

One method to alter a column definition is to use a  MODIFY  clause.  The name of the column to be  changed must be specified, followed by its new definition. Assume that the ID column's data type must be  changed from  INT to  BIGINT, to allow the table to accommodate larger identification numbers.  In  addition, the column needs to be changed to  UNSIGNED to disallow negative values. The following  statement accomplishes this task:  ALTER TABLE eu_countries MODIFY new_population BIGINT(12) NOT NULL; That ALTER TABLE statement changes the table structure as follows:  +----------------------+-------------------+-------+------+----------+--------+  | Field                    | Type                | Null  | Key  | Default | Extra |  +----------------------+-------------------+-------+------+----------+--------+  | name                   | char(52)          | NO   |         | NULL    |          |  | new_population | decimal(12,0) | NO   |         | NULL    |